AFNI program: 3dDWUncert
Output of -help
OVERVIEW ~1~
Use jackknifing to estimate uncertainty of DTI parameters which are
important for probabilistic tractography on per voxel basis.
Produces useful input for 3dTrackID, which does both mini- and full
probabilistic tractography for GM ROIs in networks, part of
FATCAT (Taylor & Saad, 2013) in AFNI.
This version has been reprogrammed to include parallelized running via
OpenMP (as of Oct, 2016). So, it has the potential to run a lot more
quickly, assuming you have an OpenMPable setup for AFNI. The types/formats
of inputs and outputs have not changed from before.
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OUTPUT ~1~
1) AFNI-format file with 6 subbricks, containing uncertainty
information. The bricks are in the following order:
[0] bias of e1 in direction of e2
[1] stdev of e1 in direction of e2
[2] bias of e1 in direction of e3
[3] stdev of e1 in direction of e3
[4] bias of FA
[5] stdev of FA
RUNNING ~1~
3dDWUncert -inset FILE -input [base of FA/MD/etc.] \
{-grads | -bmatrix_FULL} FILE -prefix NAME -iters NUMBER
... where:
-inset FILE :file with b0 and DWI subbricks
(e.g., input to 3dDWtoDTI)
-prefix PREFIX :output file name part.
-input INPREF :basename of DTI volumes output by,
e.g., 3dDWItoDT or TORTOISE. Assumes format of name
is, e.g.: INPREF_FA+orig.HEAD or INPREF_FA.nii.gz .
Files needed with same prefix are:
*FA*, *L1*, *V1*, *V2*, *V3* .
-input_list FILE :an alternative way to specify DTI input files, where
FILE is a NIML-formatted text file that lists the
explicit/specific files for DTI input. This option is
used in place of '-input INPREF'.
See below for a 'INPUT LIST FILE EXAMPLE'.
-grads FF :file with 3 columns for x-, y-, and z-comps
of DW-gradients (which have unit magnitude).
NB: this option also assumes that only 1st DWI
subbrick has a b=0 image (i.e., all averaging of
multiple b=0 images has been done already); if such
is not the case, then you should convert your grads to
the bmatrix format and use `-bmatrix_FULL'.
OR
-bmatrix_Z FF :using this means that file with gradient info
is in b-matrix format, with 6 columns representing:
b_xx b_yy b_zz b_xy b_xz b_yz.
NB: here, bvalue per image is the trace of the bmatr,
bval = b_xx+b_yy+b_zz, such as 1000 s/mm^2. This
option might be used, for example, if multiple
b-values were used to measure DWI data; this is an
AFNI-style bmatrix that needs to be input.
-bmatrix_FULL FF :exact same as '-bmatrix_Z FF' above (i.e. there are N
rows to the text file and N volumes in the matched
data set) with just a lot more commonsensical name.
Definitely would be preferred way to go, for ease of
usage!
-iters NUMBER :number of jackknife resample iterations,
e.g. 300.
-mask MASK :can include a mask within which to calculate uncert.
Otherwise, data should be masked already.
-calc_thr_FA FF :set a threshold for the minimum FA value above which
one calculates uncertainty; useful if one doesn't want
to waste time calculating uncertainty in very low-FA
voxels that are likely GM/CSF. For example, in adult
subjects one might set FF=0.1 or 0.15, depending on
SNR and user's whims (default: FF=-1, i.e., do all).
-csf_fa NUMBER :number marking FA value of `bad' voxels, such as
those with S0 value <=mean(S_i), which breaks DT
assumptions due to, e.g., bulk/flow motion.
Default value of this matches 3dDWItoDT value of
csf_fa=0.012345678.
* * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * ** * **
DTI LIST FILE EXAMPLE ~1~
Consider, for example, if you hadn't used the '-sep_dsets' option when
outputting all the tensor information from 3dDWItoDT. Then one could
specify the DTI inputs for this program with a file called, e.g.,
FILE_DTI_IN.niml.opts (the name *must* end with '.niml.opts'):
<DTIFILE_opts
dti_V1="SINGLEDT+orig[9..11]"
dti_V2="SINGLEDT+orig[12..14]"
dti_V3="SINGLEDT+orig[15..17]"
dti_FA="SINGLEDT+orig[18]"
dti_L1="SINGLEDT+orig[6]" />
This represents the *minimum* set of input files needed when running
3dDWUncert. (Note that MD isn't needed here.) You can also recycle a
NIMLly formatted file from '3dTrackID -dti_list'-- the extra inputs
needed for the latter are a superset of those needed here, and won't
affect anything detrimentally (I hope).
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COMMENTS (mainly about running speedily)~1~
+ This program can be slow if you have looots of voxels and/or looots of
of grads. *But*, it is written with OpenMP parallelization, so you
can make use of having multiple CPUs. The system environment variable
to specify the number of CPUs to use is OMP_NUM_THREADS.
You can specify OMP_NUM_THREADS in your ~/.bashrc, ~/.cshrc or other
shell RC file. Or, you can set it in the script you are using.
To verify that your OMP_NUM_THREAD variable has been set as you want,
you can use command line program 'afni_check_omp', and see what number
is output.
+ If your input DWI dataset has not masked, you probably should input a
mask with '-mask ..', because otherwise the program will waste a looot
of time calculating DWI uncertainty of air and skull and other things
of no practical consequence.
EXAMPLES ~1~
1) Basic example (probably assuming data has been masked):
3dDWUncert \
-inset TEST_FILES/DTI/fin2_DTI_3mm_1+orig \
-prefix TEST_FILES/DTI/o.UNCERT \
-input TEST_FILES/DTI/DT \
-grads TEST_FILES/Siemens_d30_GRADS.dat \
-iters 300
2) Same as above, with mask include as opt:
3dDWUncert \
-inset TEST_FILES/DTI/fin2_DTI_3mm_1+orig \
-prefix TEST_FILES/DTI/o.UNCERT \
-input TEST_FILES/DTI/DT \
-grads TEST_FILES/Siemens_d30_GRADS.dat \
-mask TEST_FILES/dwi_mask.nii.gz \
-iters 300
CITING ~1~
If you use this program, please reference the jackknifing algorithm done
with nonlinear fitting described in:
Taylor PA, Biswal BB (2011). Geometric analysis of the b-dependent
effects of Rician signal noise on diffusion tensor imaging
estimates and determining an optimal b value. MRI 29:777-788.
and the introductory/description paper for the FATCAT toolbox:
Taylor PA, Saad ZS (2013). FATCAT: (An Efficient) Functional
And Tractographic Connectivity Analysis Toolbox. Brain
Connectivity 3(5):523-535.
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