If you have an 8-bit display, you should have the default visual set to be of PseudoColor type. You can check this by looking at the output of the command "xdpyinfo".
AFNI should still work with PseudoColor displays. However, because there are only 256 "color cells" with such systems. Each program allocates some of these, and AFNI will take a lot of them. The result is that you usually can run only 1 such color hog at a time. Web browsers are big color hogs, so you should quit Netscape (etc.) before trying to run AFNI. Also, if you are on a Linux system, most modern window managers will take ALL the color cells so they can look cool. This makes it impossible to run AFNI. So you want to minimize the color usage of other programs.
A little more info on this subject is in Q#5 in the FAQ list: <[
afni.nimh.nih.gov];. However, the best solution is to setup your system to have a visual with greater depth. How to do that is system-dependent.
bob cox