Hi, KJ.
I think I have some ideas about your first question.

In your setup, you are actually using the model Y_ijk=AB_ij +E_ijk. with i=2 and j=5 and k is the length of your time series. Your parameters are AB_11,
AB_12, AB_13, AB_14, AB_15,AB_21, AB_22, AB_23, AB_24, AB_25.

To construct the -glt to test the main effects and interations, you can consider the problem in the following way.
You can transform your model to Y_ijk=MU+alpha_i+beta_j+r_ij+E_ijk. with i=1 and j=1,2,3,4. This is the equvalent to the model you have before.

To test main effect of A, it is the same as testing alpha_1=0.
To test main effect of B, it is the same as testing beta_1=beta_2=beta_3=beta_4=0.
To test interaction of factor A and factor B, it is the same as testing r_11=r_12=r_13=r_14=0.

It is classical to do this tranform. We know that Mu=average of (AB_ij)=AB..=(AB_11+AB_12+AB_13+AB_14+AB_15+AB_21+AB_22+AB_23+AB_24+AB_25)/10
and alpha_1=(AB)1.-Mu
=(AB_11+AB_12+AB_13+AB_14+AB_15)/5-Mu
=((AB_11+AB_12+AB_13+AB_14+AB_15)-
(AB_21+AB_22+AB_23+AB_24+AB_25))/10.

So the -glt file

1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
is just as you used.

Similarly you need find the expression of beta_1, beta_2, beta_3, beta_4 to construct the glt file to test factor B effect.
beta_j=(AB).j-Mu, here (AB).j mean avearage of AB_ij for the index i. For example (AB).1=(AB_11+AB_21)/2.
Using this way, you will get
beta_1=(4(AB_11+AB_21)-(AB_12+AB_22)-(AB_13+AB_23)-(AB_14+AB_24)-(AB_15+AB_25))/10

beta_2= =(4(AB_12+AB_22)-(AB_11+AB_21)-(AB_13+AB_23)-(AB_14+AB_24)-(AB_15+AB_25))/10

beta_3==(4(AB_13+AB_23)-(AB_11+AB_21)-(AB_12+AB_22)-(AB_14+AB_24)-(AB_15+AB_25))/10

beta_4==(4(AB_14+AB_24)-(AB_11+AB_21)-(AB_12+AB_22)-(AB_13+AB_23)-(AB_15+AB_25))/10

So the glt file to test factor B will be

4 -1 -1 -1 -1 4 -1 -1 -1 -1
-1 4 -1 -1 -1 -1 4 -1 -1 -1
-1 -1 4 -1 -1 -1 -1 4 -1 -1
-1 -1 -1 4 -1 -1 -1 -1 4 -1


For the interaction, r_ij=AB_ij-(AB)i.-(AB).j+(AB).. where (AB)..=Mu.
r_11=AB_11-(AB)1.-(AB).1-(AB)..
r_12=AB_12-(AB)1.-(AB).2-(AB)..
r_13=AB_13-(AB)1.-(AB).3-(AB)..
r_14=AB_14-(AB)1.-(AB).4-(AB)..

You can try to expend the above expressions, and you will get the glt file for testing the interactions

4 -1 -1 -1 -1 -4 1 1 1 1
-1 4 -1 -1 -1 1 -4 1 1 1
-1 -1 4 -1 -1 1 1 -4 1 1
-1 -1 -1 4 -1 1 1 1 -4 1

Actually there are more than this way to do it. They will be equivalent. If anything you find not quite right, let me know.