AFNI Message Board

Dear AFNI users-

We are very pleased to announce that the new AFNI Message Board framework is up! Please join us at:

https://discuss.afni.nimh.nih.gov

Existing user accounts have been migrated, so returning users can login by requesting a password reset. New users can create accounts, as well, through a standard account creation process. Please note that these setup emails might initially go to spam folders (esp. for NIH users!), so please check those locations in the beginning.

The current Message Board discussion threads have been migrated to the new framework. The current Message Board will remain visible, but read-only, for a little while.

Sincerely, AFNI HQ

History of AFNI updates  

|
February 14, 2005 11:19AM
There are at least three possible explanations, which are not mutually exclusive:

(a) Motion artifact (as you postulate). However, this should also show up at the top edge of the brain.

(b) Blood inflow artifacts. Huge amounts of blood are being pumped through the Circle of Willis, and this causes a couple of MRI artifacts. Since the inflow rate depends on the phase of the cardiac cycle, and since you are probably not doing cardiac "gating" (sync-ing the MR acquisitions to the hearbeat), these artifacts will appear kind of randomly in the time series.

--(b1) One effect is simply the inflow of "fresh" spins, that have not previously been affect by the RF transmissions.

--(b2) Another effect is that the rapidly moving spins (i.e., water protons in the blood) cause phase changes in the MR signal which are not compensated for in the image reconstruction, which causes a "ghosting" artifact (some image intensity is reconstructed in the wrong place). Ghosting artifact can cause signal fluctuations throughout the slice. Ghosting can be reduced by using a "flow compensated" acquisition method, but this slows down the imaging speed, and so isn't usually done in FMRI.

(c) Respiration causes magnetic field changes (due to movement of the chest in the main magnetic field), which in turn causes MRI signal changes. This is most apparent at the base of the brain (which is closest to the chest).

I'm voting for cardiac effects, without any further information. In any event, the huge amount of effective noise will make it hard to detect any actual FMRI signals in this region. To some extent, filtering out the cardiac and respiratory signals, assuming you have an external measurement of these time series, might help. At present, we don't have a program for doing this filtering; however, there is some effort along this line being made by a student who is visiting here.

Subject Author Posted

normalization and inferior slices

Phil Burton February 11, 2005 04:40PM

Re: normalization and inferior slices

Robert Cox February 14, 2005 11:19AM

Two more questions

Phil Burton February 14, 2005 01:01PM

Re: Two more questions

Robert Cox February 14, 2005 03:03PM

Re: normalization and inferior slices

rick reynolds February 14, 2005 04:32PM

Re: normalization and inferior slices

Phil Burton February 14, 2005 06:40PM

Re: normalization and inferior slices

rick reynolds February 15, 2005 10:56AM

Re: normalization and inferior slices

Phil Burton February 15, 2005 11:54AM

Re: normalization and inferior slices

rick reynolds February 15, 2005 12:04PM

Re: normalization and inferior slices

Phil Burton February 15, 2005 12:14PM

Re: normalization and inferior slices

rick reynolds February 15, 2005 01:39PM

Re: normalization and inferior slices

Phil Burton February 15, 2005 05:03PM