3dTcorrMap


Usage: 3dTcorrMap [options]
For each voxel time series, computes the correlation between it
and all other voxels, and combines this set of values into the
output dataset(s) in some way.

Supposed to give a measure of how 'connected' each voxel is
to the rest of the brain.  [[As if life were that simple.]]

---------
WARNINGS:
---------
** This program takes a LONG time to run.
** This program will use a LOT of memory.
** Don't say I didn't warn you about these facts, and don't whine.

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Input Options:
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  -input dd = Read 3D+time dataset 'dd' (a mandatory option).
               This provides the time series to be correlated
               en masse.
            ** This is a non-optional 'option': you MUST supply
               and input dataset!

  -seed bb  = Read 3D+time dataset 'bb'.
            ** If you use this option, for each voxel in the
                -seed dataset, its time series is correlated
                with every voxel in the -input dataset, and
                then that collection of correlations is processed
                to produce the output for that voxel.
            ** If you don't use -seed, then the -input dataset
                is the -seed dataset [i.e., the normal usage].
            ** The -seed and -input datasets must have the
                same number of time points and the same number
                of voxels!
            ** Unlike the -input dataset, the -seed dataset is not
                preprocessed (i.e., no detrending/bandpass or blur).
                 (The main purpose of this -seed option is to)
                 (allow you to preprocess the seed voxel time)
                 (series in some personalized and unique way.)

  -mask mmm = Read dataset 'mmm' as a voxel mask.
  -automask = Create a mask from the input dataset.
            ** -mask and -automask are mutually exclusive!
            ** If you don't use one of these masking options, then
               all voxels will be processed, and the program will
               probably run for a VERY long time.
            ** Voxels with constant time series will be automatically
               excluded.

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Time Series Preprocessing Options: (applied only to -input, not to -seed)
[[[[ In general, it would be better to pre-process with afni_proc.py ]]]]
----------------------------------
TEMPORAL FILTERING:
-------------------
  -polort m  = Remove polynomial trend of order 'm', for m=-1..19.
                [default is m=1; removal is by least squares].
             ** Using m=-1 means no detrending; this is only useful
                for data/information that has been pre-processed
                (e.g., using the 3dBandpass program).

  -bpass L H = Bandpass the data between frequencies L and H (in Hz).
             ** If the input dataset does not have a time step defined,
                then TR = 1 s will be assumed for this purpose.
           **** -bpass and -polort are mutually exclusive!

  -ort ref   = 1D file with other time series to be removed from -input
                (via least squares regression) before correlation.
             ** Each column in 'ref' will be regressed out of
                 each -input voxel time series.
             ** -ort can be used with -polort and/or -bandpass.
             ** You can use programs like 3dmaskave and 3dmaskSVD
                 to create reference files from regions of the
                 input dataset (e.g., white matter, CSF).

SPATIAL FILTERING: (only for volumetric input datasets)
-----------------
  -Gblur ff  = Gaussian blur the -input dataset (inside the mask)
                using a kernel width of 'ff' mm.
            ** Uses the same approach as program 3dBlurInMask.

  -Mseed rr  = When extracting the seed voxel time series from the
                (preprocessed) -input dataset, average it over a radius
                of 'rr' mm prior to doing the correlations with all
                the voxel time series from the -input dataset.
            ** This extra smoothing is said by some mystics to
                improve and enhance the results.  YMMV.
            ** Only voxels inside the mask will be used.
            ** A negative value for 'rr' means to treat the voxel
                dimensions as all equal to 1.0 mm; thus, '-Mseed -1.0'
                means to average a voxel with its 6 nearest
                neighbors in the -input dataset 3D grid.
            ** -Mseed and -seed are mutually exclusive!
               (It makes NO sense to use both options.)

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Output Options: (at least one of these must be given!)
---------------
  -Mean pp  = Save average correlations into dataset prefix 'pp'
            ** As pointed out to me by CC, '-Mean' is the same
               as computing the correlation map with the 1D file
               that is the mean of all the normalized time series
               in the mask -- that is, a form of the global signal.
               Such a calculation could be done much faster with
               program 3dTcorr1D.
            ** Nonlinear combinations of the correlations, as done by
               the options below, can't be done in such a simple way.
  -Zmean pp = Save tanh of mean arctanh(correlation) into 'pp'
  -Qmean pp = Save RMS(correlation) into 'pp'
  -Pmean pp = Save average of squared positive correlations into 'pp'
              (negative correlations don't count in this calculation)
  -Thresh tt pp
            = Save the COUNT of how many voxels survived thresholding
              at level abs(correlation) >= tt (for some tt > 0).

  -VarThresh t0 t1 dt pp
            = Save the COUNT of how many voxels survive thresholding
              at several levels abs(correlation) >= tt, for
              tt = t0, t0+dt, ..., t1.  This option produces
              a multi-volume dataset, with prefix 'pp'.
  -VarThreshN t0 t1 dt pp
            = Like '-VarThresh', but the output counts are
              'Normalized' (divided) by the expected number
              of such supra-threshold voxels that would occur
              from white noise timeseries.
           ** N.B.: You can't use '-VarThresh' and '-VarThreshN'
                    in the same run of the program!
  -CorrMap pp
         Output at each voxel the entire correlation map, into
         a dataset with prefix 'pp'.
       **  Essentially this does what 3dAutoTcorrelate would,
           with some of the additional options offered here.
       ** N.B.: Output dataset will be HUGE and BIG in most cases.
  -CorrMask
         By default, -CorrMap outputs a sub-brick for EACH
         input dataset voxel, even those that are NOT in
         the mask (such sub-bricks will be all zero).
         If you want to eliminate these sub-bricks, use
         this option.
       ** N.B.: The label for the sub-brick that was seeded
                from voxel (i,j,k) will be of the form
                v032.021.003 (when i=32, j=21, k=3).

  --** The following 3 options let you create a customized **--
  --** method of combining the correlations, if the above  **--
  --** techniques do not meet your needs.  (Of course, you **--
  --** could also use '-CorrMap' and then process the big  **--
  --** output dataset yourself later, in some clever way.) **--

  -Aexpr expr ppp
            = For each correlation 'r', compute the calc-style
              expression 'expr', and average these values to get
              the output that goes into dataset 'ppp'.
  -Cexpr expr ppp
            = As in '-Aexpr', but only average together nonzero
              values computed by 'expr'.  Example:
                -Cexpr 'step(r-0.3)*r' TCa03
              would compute (for each voxel) the average of all
              correlation coefficients larger than 0.3.
  -Sexpr expr ppp
            = As above, but the sum of the expressions is computed
              rather than the average.  Example:
                -Sexpr 'step(r-0.3)' TCn03
              would compute the number of voxels with correlation
              coefficients larger than 0.3.
           ** N.B.: At most one '-?expr' option can be used in
                    the same run of the program!
           ** N.B.: Only the symbols 'r' and 'z' [=atanh(r)] have any
                    meaning in the expression; all other symbols will
                    be treated as zeroes.

  -Hist N ppp
            = For each voxel, save a histogram of the correlation
              coefficients into dataset ppp.
           ** N values will be saved per voxel, with the i'th
              sub-brick containing the count for the range
                -1+i*D <= r < -1+(i+1)*D  with D=2/N and i=0..N-1
           ** N must be at least 20, and at most 1000.
            * N=200 is good; then D=0.01, yielding a decent resolution.
           ** The output dataset is short format; thus, the maximum
              count in any bin will be 32767.
           ** The output from this option will probably require further
              processing before it can be useful -- but it is fun to
              surf through these histograms in AFNI's graph viewer.

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Random Thoughts:
----------------
-- In all output calculations, the correlation of a voxel with itself
   is ignored.  If you don't understand why, step away from the keyboard.
-- This purely experimental program is somewhat time consuming.
   (Of course, it's doing a LOT of calculations.)
-- For Kyle, AKA the new Pat (assuming such a thing were possible).
-- For Steve, AKA the new Kyle (which makes him the newest Pat).
-- RWCox - August 2008 et cetera.

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* This binary version of 3dTcorrMap is compiled using OpenMP, a semi-
   automatic parallelizer software toolkit, which splits the work across
   multiple CPUs/cores on the same shared memory computer.
* OpenMP is NOT like MPI -- it does not work with CPUs connected only
   by a network (e.g., OpenMP doesn't work across cluster nodes).
* For some implementation and compilation details, please see
   https://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/doc/misc/OpenMP.html
* The number of CPU threads used will default to the maximum number on
   your system. You can control this value by setting environment variable
   OMP_NUM_THREADS to some smaller value (including 1).
* Un-setting OMP_NUM_THREADS resets OpenMP back to its default state of
   using all CPUs available.
   ++ However, on some systems, it seems to be necessary to set variable
      OMP_NUM_THREADS explicitly, or you only get one CPU.
   ++ On other systems with many CPUS, you probably want to limit the CPU
      count, since using more than (say) 16 threads is probably useless.
* You must set OMP_NUM_THREADS in the shell BEFORE running the program,
   since OpenMP queries this variable BEFORE the program actually starts.
   ++ You can't usefully set this variable in your ~/.afnirc file or on the
      command line with the '-D' option.
* How many threads are useful? That varies with the program, and how well
   it was coded. You'll have to experiment on your own systems!
* The number of CPUs on this particular computer system is ...... 1.
* The maximum number of CPUs that will be used is now set to .... 1.
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++ Compile date = Oct 17 2024 {AFNI_24.3.03:linux_ubuntu_24_64}