SurfExtrema


Usage: A program finding the local extrema in a dataset.
   The program finds the nodes with the highest value within an Rmm
   radius, and at which the gradient of the signal meets a preset
   threshold.
   By default, the program searches for maxima.

 -input DSET = Dset in which Extrema are to be identified.
               If you do not specify one, the program use the surface's
               convexity dataset.
 -hood R     = Neighborhood of node n consists of nodes within R
 -nbhd_rad R = distance from n as measured by the shortest
               distance along the mesh.
               Default is 8 mm
 -thresh TH  = Do not consider nodes with value less than TH
               Default is 0
 -gthresh GTH = Do not consider nodes with gradient less than GTH.
                Default is 0.01
 -gscale SCL = What scaling to apply to gradient computation.
               Choose from:
        NONE: g[n] = sum(v[n]-v[k])/Nk with k the neighbs. of n
        LMEAN : Divide g[n] by mean of n and its neighbors * 100
        GMEAN : Divide g[n] by mean of all nodes in mask * 100
             Default is LMEAN
 -extype TYP = Find maxima, minima, or extrema.
               TYP is one of: MAX (default)
                              MIN
                              ABS
 -prefix PREFIX = Prefix of two output data sets.
                  First dset is called PREFIX.grd and contains the
                  scaled average gradient values.
                  Second dset is called PREFIX.ext and contains the
                  nodes with maximum values. The value of a non-zero
                  node is its rank.
 -table TABLE = Name of file in which to store a record of the extrema
                found. The header part of TABLE contains examples
                for easily extracting certain values from it.

 Examples:
 ---------
 1-  SurfExtrema -i SUMA/std141.rh.smoothwm.asc \
                 -input pb05.rh.niml.dset'[1]' \
                 -gscale LMEAN \
                 -prefix ex1.rh \
                 -table ex1.log

 Specifying input surfaces using -i or -i_TYPE options:
    -i_TYPE inSurf specifies the input surface,
            TYPE is one of the following:
       fs: FreeSurfer surface.
           If surface name has .asc it is assumed to be
           in ASCII format. Otherwise it is assumed to be
           in BINARY_BE (Big Endian) format.
           Patches in Binary format cannot be read at the moment.
       sf: SureFit surface.
           You must specify the .coord followed by the .topo file.
       vec (or 1D): Simple ascii matrix format.
            You must specify the coord (NodeList) file followed by
            the topo (FaceSetList) file.
            coord contains 3 floats per line, representing
            X Y Z vertex coordinates.
            topo contains 3 ints per line, representing
            v1 v2 v3 triangle vertices.
       ply: PLY format, ascii or binary.
            Only vertex and triangulation info is preserved.
       stl: STL format, ascii or binary.
            This format of no use for much of the surface-based
            analyses. Objects are defined as a soup of triangles
            with no information about which edges they share. STL is only
            useful for taking surface models to some 3D printing
            software.
       mni: MNI .obj format, ascii only.
            Only vertex, triangulation, and node normals info is preserved.
       byu: BYU format, ascii.
            Polygons with more than 3 edges are turned into
            triangles.
       bv: BrainVoyager format.
           Only vertex and triangulation info is preserved.
       dx: OpenDX ascii mesh format.
           Only vertex and triangulation info is preserved.
           Requires presence of 3 objects, the one of class
           'field' should contain 2 components 'positions'
           and 'connections' that point to the two objects
           containing node coordinates and topology, respectively.
       gii: GIFTI XML surface format.
       obj: OBJ file format for triangular meshes only. The following
            primitives are preserved: v (vertices), f (faces, triangles
            only), and p (points)
 Note that if the surface filename has the proper extension,
 it is enough to use the -i option and let the programs guess
 the type from the extension.

 You can also specify multiple surfaces after -i option. This makes
 it possible to use wildcards on the command line for reading in a bunch
 of surfaces at once.

     -onestate: Make all -i_* surfaces have the same state, i.e.
                they all appear at the same time in the viewer.
                By default, each -i_* surface has its own state.
                For -onestate to take effect, it must precede all -i
                options with on the command line.
     -anatomical: Label all -i surfaces as anatomically correct.
                Again, this option should precede the -i_* options.

 More variants for option -i:
-----------------------------
 You can also load standard-mesh spheres that are formed in memory
 with the following notation
     -i ldNUM:  Where NUM is the parameter controlling
                the mesh density exactly as the parameter -ld linDepth
                does in CreateIcosahedron. For example:
                    suma -i ld60
                create on the fly a surface that is identical to the
                one produced by: CreateIcosahedron -ld 60 -tosphere
     -i rdNUM: Same as -i ldNUM but with NUM specifying the equivalent
               of parameter -rd recDepth in CreateIcosahedron.

 To keep the option confusing enough, you can also use -i to load
 template surfaces. For example:
           suma -i lh:MNI_N27:ld60:smoothwm
 will load the left hemisphere smoothwm surface for template MNI_N27
 at standard mesh density ld60.
 The string following -i is formatted thusly:
     HEMI:TEMPLATE:DENSITY:SURF where:
     HEMI specifies a hemisphere. Choose from 'l', 'r', 'lh' or 'rh'.
          You must specify a hemisphere with option -i because it is
          supposed to load one surface at a time.
          You can load multiple surfaces with -spec which also supports
          these features.
     TEMPLATE: Specify the template name. For now, choose from MNI_N27 if
               you want to use the FreeSurfer reconstructed surfaces from
               the MNI_N27 volume, or TT_N27
               Those templates must be installed under this directory:
                 /home/afniHQ/.afni/data/
               If you have no surface templates there, download
                 https://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/tgz/suma_MNI_N27.tgz
               and/or
                 https://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/tgz/suma_TT_N27.tgz
               and/or
                 https://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/tgz/suma_MNI152_2009.tgz
               and untar them under directory /home/afniHQ/.afni/data/
     DENSITY: Use if you want to load standard-mesh versions of the template
              surfaces. Note that only ld20, ld60, ld120, and ld141 are in
              the current distributed templates. You can create other
              densities if you wish with MapIcosahedron, but follow the
              same naming convention to enable SUMA to find them.
     SURF: Which surface do you want. The string matching is partial, as long
           as the match is unique.
           So for example something like: suma -i l:MNI_N27:ld60:smooth
           is more than enough to get you the ld60 MNI_N27 left hemisphere
           smoothwm surface.
     The order in which you specify HEMI, TEMPLATE, DENSITY, and SURF, does
     not matter.
     For template surfaces, the -sv option is provided automatically, so you
     can have SUMA talking to AFNI with something like:
             suma -i l:MNI_N27:ld60:smooth &
             afni -niml /home/afniHQ/.afni/data/suma_MNI_N27

 Specifying surfaces using -t* options:
   -tn TYPE NAME: specify surface type and name.
                  See below for help on the parameters.
   -tsn TYPE STATE NAME: specify surface type state and name.
        TYPE: Choose from the following (case sensitive):
           1D: 1D format
           FS: FreeSurfer ascii format
           PLY: ply format
           MNI: MNI obj ascii format
           BYU: byu format
           SF: Caret/SureFit format
           BV: BrainVoyager format
           GII: GIFTI format
        NAME: Name of surface file.
           For SF and 1D formats, NAME is composed of two names
           the coord file followed by the topo file
        STATE: State of the surface.
           Default is S1, S2.... for each surface.
 Specifying a Surface Volume:
    -sv SurfaceVolume [VolParam for sf surfaces]
       If you supply a surface volume, the coordinates of the input surface.
        are modified to SUMA's convention and aligned with SurfaceVolume.
        You must also specify a VolParam file for SureFit surfaces.
 Specifying a surface specification (spec) file:
    -spec SPEC: specify the name of the SPEC file.
     As with option -i, you can load template
     spec files with symbolic notation trickery as in:
                    suma -spec MNI_N27
     which will load the all the surfaces from template MNI_N27
     at the original FreeSurfer mesh density.
  The string following -spec is formatted in the following manner:
     HEMI:TEMPLATE:DENSITY where:
     HEMI specifies a hemisphere. Choose from 'l', 'r', 'lh', 'rh', 'lr', or
          'both' which is the default if you do not specify a hemisphere.
     TEMPLATE: Specify the template name. For now, choose from MNI_N27 if
               you want surfaces from the MNI_N27 volume, or TT_N27
               for the Talairach version.
               Those templates must be installed under this directory:
                 /home/afniHQ/.afni/data/
               If you have no surface templates there, download one of:
                 https://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/tgz/suma_MNI_N27.tgz
                 https://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/tgz/suma_TT_N27.tgz
                 https://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/tgz/suma_MNI152_2009.tgz
               and untar them under directory /home/afniHQ/.afni/data/
     DENSITY: Use if you want to load standard-mesh versions of the template
              surfaces. Note that only ld20, ld60, ld120, and ld141 are in
              the current distributed templates. You can create other
              densities if you wish with MapIcosahedron, but follow the
              same naming convention to enable SUMA to find them.
              This parameter is optional.
     The order in which you specify HEMI, TEMPLATE, and DENSITY, does
     not matter.
     For template surfaces, the -sv option is provided automatically, so you
     can have SUMA talking to AFNI with something like:
             suma -spec MNI_N27:ld60 &
             afni -niml /home/afniHQ/.afni/data/suma_MNI_N27


  SUMA dataset input options:
      -input DSET: Read DSET1 as input.
                   In programs accepting multiple input datasets
                   you can use -input DSET1 -input DSET2 or
                   input DSET1 DSET2 ...
       NOTE: Selecting subsets of a dataset:
             Much like in AFNI, you can select subsets of a dataset
             by adding qualifiers to DSET.
           Append #SEL# to select certain nodes.
           Append [SEL] to select certain columns.
           Append {SEL} to select certain rows.
           The format of SEL is the same as in AFNI, see section:
           'INPUT DATASET NAMES' in 3dcalc -help for details.
           Append [i] to get the node index column from
                      a niml formatted dataset.
           *  SUMA does not preserve the selection order
              for any of the selectors.
              For example:
              dset[44,10..20] is the same as dset[10..20,44]
              Also, duplicate values are not supported.
              so dset[13, 13] is the same as dset[13].
              I am not proud of these limitations, someday I'll get
              around to fixing them.



 SUMA mask options:
      -n_mask INDEXMASK: Apply operations to nodes listed in
                            INDEXMASK  only. INDEXMASK is a 1D file.
      -b_mask BINARYMASK: Similar to -n_mask, except that the BINARYMASK
                          1D file contains 1 for nodes to filter and
                          0 for nodes to be ignored.
                          The number of rows in filter_binary_mask must be
                          equal to the number of nodes forming the
                          surface.
      -c_mask EXPR: Masking based on the result of EXPR.
                    Use like afni's -cmask options.
                    See explanation in 3dmaskdump -help
                    and examples in output of 3dVol2Surf -help
      NOTE: Unless stated otherwise, if n_mask, b_mask and c_mask
            are used simultaneously, the resultant mask is the intersection
            (AND operation) of all masks.



  SUMA communication options:
      -talk_suma: Send progress with each iteration to SUMA.
      -refresh_rate rps: Maximum number of updates to SUMA per second.
                         The default is the maximum speed.
      -send_kth kth: Send the kth element to SUMA (default is 1).
                     This allows you to cut down on the number of elements
                     being sent to SUMA.
      -sh <SumaHost>: Name (or IP address) of the computer running SUMA.
                      This parameter is optional, the default is 127.0.0.1
      -ni_text: Use NI_TEXT_MODE for data transmission.
      -ni_binary: Use NI_BINARY_MODE for data transmission.
                  (default is ni_binary).
      -feed_afni: Send updates to AFNI via SUMA's talk.
   -np PORT_OFFSET: Provide a port offset to allow multiple instances of
                    AFNI <--> SUMA, AFNI <--> 3dGroupIncorr, or any other
                    programs that communicate together to operate on the same
                    machine.
                    All ports are assigned numbers relative to PORT_OFFSET.
         The same PORT_OFFSET value must be used on all programs
           that are to talk together. PORT_OFFSET is an integer in
           the inclusive range [1025 to 65500].
         When you want to use multiple instances of communicating programs,
           be sure the PORT_OFFSETS you use differ by about 50 or you may
           still have port conflicts. A BETTER approach is to use -npb below.
   -npq PORT_OFFSET: Like -np, but more quiet in the face of adversity.
   -npb PORT_OFFSET_BLOC: Similar to -np, except it is easier to use.
                          PORT_OFFSET_BLOC is an integer between 0 and
                          MAX_BLOC. MAX_BLOC is around 4000 for now, but
                          it might decrease as we use up more ports in AFNI.
                          You should be safe for the next 10 years if you
                          stay under 2000.
                          Using this function reduces your chances of causing
                          port conflicts.

         See also afni and suma options: -list_ports and -port_number for
            information about port number assignments.

         You can also provide a port offset with the environment variable
            AFNI_PORT_OFFSET. Using -np overrides AFNI_PORT_OFFSET.

   -max_port_bloc: Print the current value of MAX_BLOC and exit.
                   Remember this value can get smaller with future releases.
                   Stay under 2000.
   -max_port_bloc_quiet: Spit MAX_BLOC value only and exit.
   -num_assigned_ports: Print the number of assigned ports used by AFNI
                        then quit.
   -num_assigned_ports_quiet: Do it quietly.

     Port Handling Examples:
     -----------------------
         Say you want to run three instances of AFNI <--> SUMA.
         For the first you just do:
            suma -niml -spec ... -sv ...  &
            afni -niml &
         Then for the second instance pick an offset bloc, say 1 and run
            suma -niml -npb 1 -spec ... -sv ...  &
            afni -niml -npb 1 &
         And for yet another instance:
            suma -niml -npb 2 -spec ... -sv ...  &
            afni -niml -npb 2 &
         etc.

         Since you can launch many instances of communicating programs now,
            you need to know wich SUMA window, say, is talking to which AFNI.
            To sort this out, the titlebars now show the number of the bloc
            of ports they are using. When the bloc is set either via
            environment variables AFNI_PORT_OFFSET or AFNI_PORT_BLOC, or
            with one of the -np* options, window title bars change from
            [A] to [A#] with # being the resultant bloc number.
         In the examples above, both AFNI and SUMA windows will show [A2]
            when -npb is 2.



   [-novolreg]: Ignore any Rotate, Volreg, Tagalign,
                or WarpDrive transformations present in
                the Surface Volume.
   [-noxform]: Same as -novolreg
   [-setenv "'ENVname=ENVvalue'"]: Set environment variable ENVname
                to be ENVvalue. Quotes are necessary.
             Example: suma -setenv "'SUMA_BackgroundColor = 1 0 1'"
                See also options -update_env, -environment, etc
                in the output of 'suma -help'
  Common Debugging Options:
   [-trace]: Turns on In/Out debug and Memory tracing.
             For speeding up the tracing log, I recommend
             you redirect stdout to a file when using this option.
             For example, if you were running suma you would use:
             suma -spec lh.spec -sv ... > TraceFile
             This option replaces the old -iodbg and -memdbg.
   [-TRACE]: Turns on extreme tracing.
   [-nomall]: Turn off memory tracing.
   [-yesmall]: Turn on memory tracing (default).
  NOTE: For programs that output results to stdout
    (that is to your shell/screen), the debugging info
    might get mixed up with your results.


Global Options (available to all AFNI/SUMA programs)
  -h: Mini help, at time, same as -help in many cases.
  -help: The entire help output
  -HELP: Extreme help, same as -help in majority of cases.
  -h_view: Open help in text editor. AFNI will try to find a GUI editor
  -hview : on your machine. You can control which it should use by
           setting environment variable AFNI_GUI_EDITOR.
  -h_web: Open help in web browser. AFNI will try to find a browser.
  -hweb : on your machine. You can control which it should use by
          setting environment variable AFNI_GUI_EDITOR.
  -h_find WORD: Look for lines in this programs's -help output that match
                (approximately) WORD.
  -h_raw: Help string unedited
  -h_spx: Help string in sphinx loveliness, but do not try to autoformat
  -h_aspx: Help string in sphinx with autoformatting of options, etc.
  -all_opts: Try to identify all options for the program from the
             output of its -help option. Some options might be missed
             and others misidentified. Use this output for hints only.