1.1.3. Linux, Ubuntu 16.04 - 17.10¶

The essential system setup

What to do?
Install prerequisite packages
Install AFNI binaries
Install R
Make AFNI/SUMA profiles
Prepare for Bootcamp
Evaluate setup/system (important!)
Niceify terminal (optional, but goood)
Keep up-to-date (remember!)

What to do?¶

These setup instructions are for Ubuntu Linux versions 16.04 (Xenial Xerus) through 17.10 (Artful Aardvark).

Each step involves either copy+pasting a command, or clicking on a download link.
The user must have admin privileges (can run sudo ...). Some steps require an internet connection.
Is your terminal shell bash or tcsh (or other)? To find out, type:
```
echo $0
```
Don’t forget the system check in the “Evaluate” stage. Try whatever the is recommended in its “Please Fix” section.
If you run into any problems, please just ask a clear question on the Message Board.
To open a text file, you can type gedit FILENAME. For example, to open the bash “rc” file:
```
gedit ~/.bashrc &
```

Install prerequisite packages ¶

Copy+paste:
```
sudo add-apt-repository universe
```

Copy+paste:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y tcsh xfonts-base python-qt4       \
                        gsl-bin netpbm gnome-tweak-tool   \
                        libjpeg62 xvfb xterm vim curl     \
                        gedit evince                      \
                        libglu1-mesa-dev libglw1-mesa     \
                        libxm4 build-essential            \
                        gnome-terminal nautilus           \
                        gnome-icon-theme-symbolic         \
                        firefox

Purpose: Installs a lot of packages that AFNI depends on (so we don’t have to reinvent the wheel!). This may take a little while to complete running.

Some of these packages also improve terminal behavior, especially if you are running Ubuntu on a Windows machine.

Install AFNI binaries ¶

Copy+paste:
```
cd
curl -O https://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/bin/linux_ubuntu_16_64/@update.afni.binaries
tcsh @update.afni.binaries -package linux_ubuntu_16_64  -do_extras
```
Purpose: Download and unpack the current binaries in your $HOME directory; set the AFNI binary directory name to $HOME/abin/; and add that location to the $PATH in both ~/.cshrc and ~/.bashrc.
Note

If the binary package has already been downloaded somewhere, instead of the above you can use -local_package with the location+name of the binary file, e.g.:
```
tcsh @update.afni.binaries -local_package linux_ubuntu_16_64.tgz -do_extras
```

Install R ¶

For …

… a tcsh terminal, copy+paste:

setenv R_LIBS $HOME/R
mkdir  $R_LIBS
echo  'export R_LIBS=$HOME/R' >> ~/.bashrc
echo  'setenv R_LIBS ~/R'     >> ~/.cshrc
curl -O https://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/src/scripts_src/@add_rcran_ubuntu.tcsh
sudo tcsh @add_rcran_ubuntu.tcsh

… a bash terminal, copy+paste:

export R_LIBS=$HOME/R
mkdir  $R_LIBS
echo  'setenv R_LIBS ~/R'     >> ~/.cshrc
echo  'export R_LIBS=$HOME/R' >> ~/.bashrc
curl -O https://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/src/scripts_src/@add_rcran_ubuntu.tcsh
sudo tcsh @add_rcran_ubuntu.tcsh

Purpose: Setup modern R from scratch. This relies on the environment variable $R_LIBS, which specifies where to install the packages and where to read them from later (when R programs run). The file obtained using curl contains instructions to add a more uptodate set of R libraries to the source list.

Copy+paste:
```
rPkgsInstall -pkgs ALL
```
Purpose: Get specific R packages needed for AFNI programs. This step might take a while to complete.

Make AFNI/SUMA profiles ¶

Copy+paste:
```
cp $HOME/abin/AFNI.afnirc $HOME/.afnirc
suma -update_env
```
Purpose: Set up vanilla-mode environment variables for AFNI and SUMA. To see how you can bend these to your will later, read the Technical notes.

Prepare for Bootcamp ¶

Copy+paste:
```
curl -O https://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/edu/data/CD.tgz
tar xvzf CD.tgz
cd CD
tcsh s2.cp.files . ~
cd ..
```
Purpose: Download the Bootcamp class data; untar+unzip it (= open it up); move into the newly opened directory; execute a script to copy the files to $HOME/..

If no errors occur in the above, and your afni_system_check.py says things are OK, you can delete/remove the tarred/zipped package, using “rm CD.tgz”. If you are really confident, you can also deleted the CD/ directory in the present location.
Read+practice with the handy Unix documentation/tutorial.

Purpose: give you a quick lesson/refresher on using basic Linux shell commands (e.g., ls, cd, less, etc.). It will greatly enhance your bootcamp experience– we promise!
Pro tip: If you will be attending a Bootcamp, you might want to bring a mouse to use with your laptop. It will be easier to follow the demos using a mouse than a trackpad.

Evaluate setup/system (important!)¶

Copy+paste:
```
afni_system_check.py -check_all
```
Read the “Please Fix” section at the end. If there are no suggestions, then rejoice! Otherwise, try the suggestion(s) there.
Open up the AFNI and SUMA GUIs, juuuust to make sure all is well:
```
afni
suma
```
Report any crashes!
If stuck, then …
- … put any error message into an online search, and/or post a question on the Message Board
- … copy+paste this:
```
afni_system_check.py -check_all > out.afni_system_check.txt
```
  … and email the file “out.afni_system_check.txt” to an AFNI Guru for advice.

Niceify terminal (optional, but goood)¶

To improve your life when using the terminal, copy+paste:
```
echo 'set filec'    >> ~/.cshrc
echo 'set autolist' >> ~/.cshrc
echo 'set nobeep'   >> ~/.cshrc

echo 'alias ls ls --color=auto' >> ~/.cshrc
echo 'alias ll ls --color -l'   >> ~/.cshrc
echo 'alias ls="ls --color"'    >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'alias ll="ls --color -l"' >> ~/.bashrc
```
Purpose: The first commands set up tab autocompletion for tcsh (which should already be enabled for bash, by default). The second set of commands make aliases so that different types of files (“normal” files, zipped files, executables, et al.) and directories are shown using different colors and boldness. It makes it much easier to navigate on a terminal, IMHO.
Also, consider running gnome-tweak-tool and changing Windows -> Focus Mode from ‘click’ to ‘mouse’.
Also, consider extending time for screen saver: System Settings -> Brightness & Lock, and set inactivity duration.

Keep up-to-date (remember!)¶

To update your AFNI sometime, copy+paste:
```
@update.afni.binaries -d
```
That’s it!!

Purpose: This will automatically download the correct, latest AFNI version to your computer, replacing your old binaries. It will also update the apearch help information. Update often!
To check your AFNI version, copy+paste:
```
afni -ver
```
Purpose: Report this useful info whenever asking a question on the Message Board!

Note

The record of all changes (new options, new programs, bug fixes, et al.) in AFNI programs is maintained for all to see in the online AFNI History.